Interestingly, IL-1β and IL-18 levels were found to be elevated in monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from patients with type 2 diabetes [11], and NLRP3, caspase-1, or IL-1β-deficient mice have reportedly exhibited improved insulin sensitivity [12], suggesting a major role of NLRP3 inflammasome in regulating glucose homeostasis [13]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.