HSPA5 and breast neoplasm: Importantly, high phosphorylation levels of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were found in human breast tumors that that express sGRP78 and MCF-7 cells infected with adenovirus encoding human GRP78, while genetic and pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 reversed the impacts of GRP78 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration [131].