Wadhwa et al. [144] were the first to find that mortalin is overexpressed in different tumor cell lines, in particular human breast carcinomas MCF-7, MDA-MB-415, MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-361 and others; furthermore, overexpression of mortalin was observed also in human breast cancer tissues. This evidence concerns the gene HSPA9 and breast carcinoma.