PINK1 and Parkinson disease: In iPSC-derived neurons from PD patients with PINK1 mutations, ΔΨm and ATP content was lowered [82,83], consistent with an earlier report of Morais and coworkers which demonstrated in animal models of diminished PINK1 function that impaired complex I function resulted in mitochondrial depolarization, reduced ATP synthesis, and increased sensitivity to apoptotic stress [62].