TMEM176A and TMEM176B are closely related members of the MS4 transmembrane protein family, and have previously been found to physically interact [12], and their mRNA expression is highly correlated in the TCGA (R2 = 0.88) and METABRIC (R2 = 0.78) human breast cancer datasets (Supplementary Figure S3). This evidence concerns the gene TMEM176B and breast cancer.