Using nestin-Cre; ROSA26-EYFP mice, in which nestin-positive cells and their progeny express enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP), Ke et al. [37] found in a chronic asthma model that Ras homolog family member A/Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (RhoA/ROCK) signaling drives MSC differentiation toward fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and enhances airway remodeling, whereas the inactivation of this signaling pathway promotes MSC differentiation into epithelial cells for airway repair. Here, NES is linked to chronic asthma.