Taking into account their pleiotropic actions in adipose tissue, which include the control of adipogenesis, adipose tissue browning and critical processes (e.g., lipolysis and adipokine synthesis) in adipose tissue physiology, as well as obesity-related dysfunction (e.g., pro-inflammatory activity and insulin resistance), miRNAs constitute a valuable target for new therapeutic approaches. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.