In addition, obesity, alkaline phosphatase, co-administered drugs and other single nucleotide polymorphisms such as the SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, SLC22A6, ABCB1, ABCG2, SLCO3A1, ABCC2, SLC22A1, ABCB11 and NR1I2 genes, have been reported to be associated with decreased metabolism of voriconazole to its inactive N-oxide metabolite [31,32,42,43]; however, these additional confounders were not assessed in our study. The gene discussed is SLCO1B3; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.