Homma et al. demonstrated that mRNA levels of TRP ankyrin 1, TRP melastatin 2 and 8, and TRP vanilloid subtype 1 were significantly higher in the bladders of IC/BPS patients with Hunner lesions than in those of non-IC controls, whereas mRNA levels of TRP vanilloid subtype 2 and NGF were higher in IC/BPS patients without Hunner lesions [22]. The gene discussed is NGF; the disease is Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1.