To examine the effect of PGS on the glial response in the AD brain, we conducted immunofluorescence staining using antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for astrocytes and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) for microglia in the subiculum of 5XFAD mice (Figure 10A,C). Here, AIF1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.