In a study, xanthohumol is reported to exert both chemopreventive effects on normal hepatocytes and be chemotherapeutic in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating Nrf2 and its associated gene expression, including phase II enzymes, in normal cells, while, in cancerous cells, xanthohumol exhibits cytotoxic effects. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.