Consistent with the idea of a loss of β-catenin-dependent WNT signalling is a PD associated increase in multiple membrane bound WNT signalling components (RYK, ROR2, LGR5, LGR5, FZD7, FZD9), along with increased WNT1, 2B and 11, as well as WIFI and DKK2. This evidence concerns the gene FZD9 and Parkinson disease.