PECAM1 and ovarian carcinoma: In ovarian cancer, it has been proven that hCG improved the formation of VM in the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3 in vivo and in vitro, as well as largely increased the expression of vascular endothelin growth factor, CD31, and factor VIII by activating the LH receptor, thus improving tumor growth.[8] Moreover, hCG also induced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, which synergistically regulated tumor VM.[8]