TGFB1 and malignant glioma: Studies have shown that it is abnormally expressed in a variety of brain tumors, such as malignant gliomas and the abnormal amplification rate of LRRN2 gene is close to 50%.[19] LTBP1 is located on the chromosomal band 2p22.3, and take part in the assembly and secretion of the latent TGFβ1, HIP1 is over-expressed in many human cancer cell lines, which suggests that HIP1 can provide selective growth advantage for cancer cells.