TNF and Sepsis: Since Parrillo et al. found a circulating myocardial depressor in the serum of patients with sepsis in 1985 [34], the cardiac depressors have been identified as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1b, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6) [35,36,37], NO synthase (dysregulation of NO synthase (NOS)) [38,39,40], and reactive oxygen species (ROS) [41,42].