More recently, immune-checkpoint blockade targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), or programmed death-1 (PD-1) improved survival [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10] in both of these tumor types. Here, CTLA4 is linked to neoplasm.