PDCD1 and cancer: However, the combination of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and PD-1 inhibitors, used to induce a more durable response in cancers such as non–small cell lung cancer, melanoma, or renal cell carcinoma, carries a higher risk of ICI-induced AKI (∼5%) due to the blockade of 2 different checkpoint pathways.6