SEMA4D and neoplasm: Accumulated studies have shown that some semaphorins—including semaphorin 3E (SEMA3E), SEMA4D, SEMA5A, SEMA6D, and SEMA7A—play vital roles in tumorigenesis and tumor development by promoting angiogenesis and tumor-cell migration, as well as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); in contrast, SEMA3A, SEMA3B, and SEMA3F exhibit tumor-inhibitory effects (Neufeld et al., 2012; Neufeld and Mumblat 2016; Gurrapu and Tamagnone 2019).