First, cancers were categorized according to ZO-1 staining pattern as displaying a low (<10% of tumor area) or a high (in ≥10% of tumor area) distribution of membrane-associated ZO-1, and a high (in ≥10% of tumor area) or low (<10% of tumor area) distribution of cyto-nuclear staining (an illustration of a ZO-1 membrane staining versus a cyto-nuclear staining is provided in Figure 3A). This evidence concerns the gene TJP1 and cancer.