CXCL13 and acute liver failure: In this study, several upregulated cytokines were identified including CCL20, CX3CL1, CXCL13, IL-15, IL-22, and IL-6, involving 3 immune-related pathways, including “chemotaxis,” “adaptive immune response,” and “immune response.” As mentioned above, the inflammatory and immune responses exert an essential role in HE, and the significance of cerebral lncRNAs was also investigated in acute liver failure-associated HE.