MTOR and cancer: mTOR signaling activated protein synthesis by phosphorylating 4E-BP1 and S6K1 (Holz, 2012); regulated metabolic pathways on transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational levels (Peng et al., 2002); promoted lipid and cholesterol synthesis (Porstmann et al., 2008); and was involved in autophagy (Codogno and Meijer, 2005), which was essential for the cancer progression.