In a cohort of 40 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the doubling of hsa-miR-197-3p and hsa-miR-24-3p level corresponded to a sixfold higher stimulated C-peptide level and 4.2% lower insulin dose–adjusted HbA1c value, respectively (Samandari et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.