PARP1 and ischemic stroke: Like PARP1‐KO animals, deletion of neuronal‐specific nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which has been proposed to act upstream of PARP1 activation to induce neuronal death in MCAO mouse model,[156] worsened and alleviated cerebral damage in nNOS‐KO female and male mice, respectively.[167] The sex difference in PARP1‐mediated neuronal death and survival was further confirmed in a recent study.[168] Together, these data indicate a sexual dimorphism of PARP1 in neuronal death and survival at least in the context of ischemic stroke: neuroprotective in females and neurotoxic in males.