The strongest associations were observed for lung cancer, where minimally adjusted models showed a more than eightfold hazard ratio for top vs. bottom quartiles of GDF-15 (HRQ4-Q1 = 8.14 [95% CI: 4.70, 14.09]), a more than fourfold hazard ratio for top vs bottom quartiles of CRP (HRQ4-Q1 = 4.15 [2.55, 6.75]), and a more than threefold hazard ratio for top vs bottom quartiles of HbA1c (HRQ4-Q1 = 3.28 [2.13, 5.07]). The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is lung carcinoma.