Using data from the AFP surveillance system in Australia, we identified that AFM occurred in Australia in the early 2000s and was associated with outbreaks of EV-A71 infection; and hand, foot, and mouth disease, and that sustained detection of AFM after 2010 was associated with EV-A71, EV-D68, echovirus 7, and echovirus 19. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is mouth disorder.