CD38 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib, the anti-BCL2 venetoclax, multikinase inhibitors targeting FLT3 mutations, BET inhibitors, novel immunotherapies (such as CAR-T, CAR-NK and both monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates targeting CD38, CD33 and CD123), are being tested alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy in both newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory ETP-ALL [13, 19, 20, 52, 54].