For instance, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection activates PKR, which inhibits NDV replication via eIF2α phosphorylation during late infection stages [11], while during herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, activated PKR phosphorylates eIF2α, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis and, consequently, viral replication [12, 13]. Here, EIF2AK2 is linked to infection.