A preclinical study in BR5 mouse OCs harboring deficient BRCA1 revealed that the CTLA-4 antibody, and not PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, together with the PARPi, veliparib, resulted in immune-mediated tumor remission and long-term survival (p < 0.0001) by increasing CTLs with an effector/memory phenotype and inducing IFN-γ and TNFα expression by promoting the Th1 effector phenotype among T-cells [109]. Here, CTLA4 is linked to neoplasm.