RAC1 and Hepatic fibrosis: In addition to regulating profibrogenic genes, 3D-Exo also significantly reduced gene expression of the common markers of cell proliferation (CYCLIND, RAC1 and CDC42) in activated LX2 cells (Fig. 2c, d and Additional file 1: Fig. S3d), which are usually upregulated in activated stellate cells during liver fibrosis.