TP53 and neoplasm: The phosphorylation levels of numerous critical regulatory proteins, including p53-Ser15, Akt-Ser473, CDC2-Tyr15, Chk2-Tyr68, and p21Waf1 and CDC2 that are associated with cell growth and cell cycle arrest regulation [31–34], were significantly increased in PAF-AH 1B2 KD MCAS cells determined by western blot analysis (Fig. 4E), while the phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK was decreased, which was used as a molecular indicator of tumour cell proliferation and growth.