NFKB1 and acute kidney injury: Ischemia–reperfusion (IR) is a common risk factor that causes AKI, a study by Shang et al. suggested that renal IR can directly activate nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) and induce acute production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver, Renal IR-induced hepatic inflammatory response may contribute to impaired systemic inflammation and liver function [19].