TNF and neoplasm: In detail, calprotectin (CRT), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) exposed by apoptotic and necrotic tumor cells as well as their debris activate matured dendritic cells (DCs) and are presented to CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.[64] Then, secretion cytokines (IL‐12 and TNF‐α) from these activated T cells are accumulated at the tumor site and thus attack both the primary and metastatic cancers.