Thirty-five-day SIS applied to adolescent or adult male Sprague Dawley rats decreased and increased, respectively, full-length brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the amygdala, a region known for processing emotions such as anxiety and aggression, compared to their respective controls when tested immediately following SIS (Tsai et al., 2014). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is Anxiety.