PTGS2 and colorectal carcinoma: Results from our western blot analysis of the inflammation pathways associated with CRC and immune-checkpoint function showed significant increases in the expression of IFN-γ (P = 0.04), phospho-p38 (P = 0.03), and levels of TLR-4 (P = 0.01), and significant decreases in the expression of COX-2 (P = 0.0009), in adjacent normal tissue (Figure 5).