Although intratumoral Tregs have been reported to confer immunosuppression by multiple mechanisms including inhibition of anti-tumor effector responses and to promote disease progression for a wide range of human cancers (64, 65) there are conflicting reports as to whether FoxP3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) confer a negative prognosis for human cutaneous melanoma (64). This evidence concerns the gene FOXP3 and neoplasm.