For instance, m5C modifications in lncRNAs such as XIST (X-inactive specific transcript), TERC (telomerase RNA component), RPPH1 (ribonuclease P RNA component H1), and ANRIL (antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus) may have an association with leukemia and colorectal cancer, PCa, breast cancer, and PCa as well as lung cancer, respectively (Squires et al., 2012; Amort et al., 2013; Baena-Del Valle et al., 2018; Zhao et al., 2018; Pan et al., 2021). The gene discussed is XIST; the disease is lung cancer.