Although IFIH1, RSAD2, and PARP9 were found to be associated with a variety of autoimmune or inflammatory disease development, such as SLE, RA, Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and AITD (Frommer and Kahaly, 2021; Zedan et al., 2021), we did not find that these genes were differentially expressed between the recurrent GD group and the normal group. Here, PARP9 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.