IGHE and food allergy: The IgE immune response associated with food allergies is classically directed against protein antigens; however, AGS is characterized by IgE that binds to the oligosaccharide epitope galactose-α-1,3 galactose (α-gal), a cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant (CCD), found explicitly in all non-primate mammals (Aalberse et al., 1981).