Moreover, the serum levels of specific inflammatory molecules such as HMGB-1, TLR4, IL-1, IL-1R1, and TNF-α, have been recently demonstrated to be higher in children with DRE than in healthy controls, suggesting a possible role as epilepsy biomarkers for these cytokines (Kamaşak et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene IL1R1 and epilepsy.