showed that the activation of KRAS-downstream pathway PI3K/AKT/mTOR is tightly linked with the regulation of PD-L1 expression both in vitro and in vivo for human LACs and squamous cell carcinomas, indicating that KRAS may cause immune escape by AKT/mTOR pathway via PD-L1 (36).Our findings demonstrated that the 10-gene signature have a close relationship with macrophage M2, which indicates that macrophage M2 might be involved in progression and poor survival outcomes in ESCC. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and squamous cell carcinoma.