SLC5A2 and heart failure: Females are also associated with worse outcomes, including the rate of HFpEF hospitalizations, although the prevalence of HFpEF is comparable in men and women. Therapeutic strategies for the management of diabetes that have been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes include biguanides and SGLT2 inhibitors, while TZDs are associated with adverse heart failure outcomes and should be avoided in heart failure patients.