INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Complex metabolic disorder in the endocrine system is the cause of DM, and it was characterized by hyperglycemia and hindrance in the metabolism of protein, carbohydrates, and lipid resulting from either impairment or destruction of insulin action and insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells in target tissues, or both insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, type 1) and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, type 2), which are the two main types of diabetes.