DHX58 and viral infectious disease: It is well documented that anti-viral activity must also rely on other innate immune sensors, such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (60), protein kinase R (PKR) (61) and Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology protein 2 (LGP2) (62), all of which can also recognize either PAMP RNAs or various other aspects of the pathogens upon virus infection.