In inflammatory conditions, for instance, after an infection, inflammatory stimuli, such as IL-12, IFN-γ, and ROS, that are generated by damaged or necrotic tissue, promote the polarization of macrophages into M1 phenotype (45–49), resulting in the release of cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, and others to affect osteoclast differentiation and formation (Table 1). Here, IFNG is linked to infection.