ACE and diabetes mellitus: Current therapy for DKD is mostly focused on the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) to reduce intra-glomerular pressure (44) along with multifactorial interventions such as improved control of blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid, and smoking cessation as a means of slowing the atrophy of renal function in diabetes (45).