We found that HPS treatment decreased the gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, including iNOS, MCP-1, IFN-γ, IL-17 and TNF-α, in the renal tissue, whereas it increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines Arg-1 and IL-10 (Figure 4). Here, TNF is linked to Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.