CYCS and neoplasm: Zhang et al. and other groups’ reports indicate that cinobufagin blocks Akt signaling pathway, decreases Bcl-2, and induces mitochondrial cytochrome c release to trigger apoptosis, or inhibits STAT3 and Notch pathways to suppress tumor cell growth (Yin et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2019).