As our analysis shows, CD4+ naive T cell, activated CD4+ memory T cells, follicular helper T cells, M0 macrophages, and M1 macrophages showed increased infiltration in patients with active UC (Figure 2F), suggesting that the expression of TNF was also elevated in patients with active UC, which would promote the vital role of anti-TNFa biological agents in anti-IBD intestinal inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and inflammatory bowel disease.