Upregulation of exosomal markers suggests that an increase in exosome production may help to resolve inflammation; on the other hand, microglial EVs, specifically the neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2)-dependent exosomal population, take part in spreading tau pathology in vitro and in mouse models of tauopathy (Asai, et al., 2015; Maphis, et al., 2015). Here, MAPT is linked to tauopathy.