Besides, ISO markedly increased the expressions of pathological cardiac hypertrophy markers (BNP, β-MHC) and fibrosis marker (Alpha-smooth muscle actin, α-SMA) compared with control group, whereas different concentrations of OT preconditioning or postconditioning inhibited ISO-induced increases in BNP, β-MHC and α-SMA (Figures 3B–D). Here, ACTA1 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.