ACE and hypertensive disorder: Despite a variety of anti-hypertensive agents such as ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), β-adrenergic receptor blocker, and calcium channel antagonists are being used in the treatment of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, the progression of myocardial injury and subsequent cardiac dysfunction remains a major problem in chronic hypertensive subjects (Eirin et al., 2014).